Review of the mechanisms of virus-induced immunosuppression in poultry

H.I. Harahulya; R.V. Severyn; A.M. Momot; S.O. Basko; B.S. Severyn; G.M. Shtager

doi:10.31073/onehealthjournal2025-I-06

Authors

H.I. Harahulya State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-2489
R.V. Severyn State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-2489
A.M. Momot State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7481-617X
S.O. Basko State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-2490
B.S. Severyn National Scientific Center «Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine», Kharkiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3285-7531
G.M. Shtager State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-4963

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31073/onehealthjournal2025-I-06

Keywords:

immunosuppressive viruses, pathogenesis of immunosuppressive effect of viruses, Marek's disease virus, chicken infectious anemia virus, infectious bursal disease virus

Abstract

A healthy immune system is the basis of successfully poultry farming. The industry suffers economic losses due to prolonged immunosuppression mediated by several viruses: Marek's disease virus (MDV), chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), reoviruses, some retroviruses as well as their associations. Two categories of causes of viral immunosuppression have been identified: apoptosis and/or necrosis of lymphoid cells and changes caused by the virus in the regulation of the immune response due to disruption of the cytokine profile. In many cases, the actual molecular interactions between virus proteins and host cells are poorly understood. Future research should focus on better understanding the interplay between viruses, immunocompetent cells, and cytokine regulation. Recent developments in the understanding of the immunotoxic and immunosuppressive effects of viruses may potentially offer a way to prevent these conditions.

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Review of the mechanisms of virus-induced immunosuppression in poultry

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